Autophagic activity of piperine on small intestine in dementia model mice with Parkinson's disease / 中国中药杂志

This article is to investigate the effect of piperine on the small intestine of mice with Parkinson's disease with dementia(PDD). Ninety-six C57 BL/6 mice of SPF grade were randomly divided into 8 groups(male, 12 in each group): normal group, model group, autophagy inhibitor group(6-amino-3-methylpurine, 3 MA, 30 mg·kg~(-1)), autophagy activator group(rapamycin, 1 mg·kg~(-1)), low, medium, and high dose piperine groups(10, 20, 40 mg·kg~(-1)), and medopar group(112.5 mg·kg~(-1)). Except for the normal group, mice in each group were injected subcutaneously with reserpine(0.1 mg·kg~(-1)) once every 48 hours for 40 days. In addition, on the 20 th day of administration, except for the normal group, the mice in the other groups were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion to finally prepare PDD models. At the same time, each group was given the corresponding drug treatment once a day for 40 days. After the last administration, the behavioral changes of mice were observed by autonomic activity experiment and hot plate experiment. The expression levels of α-synuclein(α-syn) and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) in the small intestine were detected by immunohistochemistry. The expression levels of beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 B(LC3 B) and p62 in the small intestine were detected by immunofluorescence assay. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the pathological morphology of small intestine tissues in each group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was adopted for detection of β-amyloid precursor protein(APP), p-tau, acetylcholine transferase(ChAT), interleukin-6(IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) in small intestine. Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of α-syn, TH, beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3), and p62 mRNA and mmu-miR-99 a-5 p in the small intestine. The results of this study showed that, as compared with the model group, the number of activities, the expression levels of ChAT, TH, and p62 were significantly increased in the 3 MA group, the various piperine dose groups, and the medopar group(P<0.05), and their first foot licking time was shortened; APP, p-tau, IL-6, TNF-α, α-syn, beclin-1, LC3 B and mmu-miR-99 a-5 p expression levels were significantly reduced(P<0.05). However, as compared with the model group, the number of activities, ChAT, TH, and p62 expression levels in the rapamycin group were significantly reduced(P<0.05), and the APP, p-tau, IL-6, TNF-α, α-syn, beclin-1, LC3 B and mmu-miR-99 a-5 p expression levels were significantly increased(P<0.05). As compared with the 3 MA group, the number of activities, ChAT, TH, and p62 expression levels were significantly reduced in the low and medium dose piperine groups and rapamycin group(P<0.05); howe-ver, their first foot licking time was significantly prolonged, APP, p-tau, IL-6, TNF-α, α-syn, beclin-1, LC3 B and mmu-miR-99 a-5 p expression levels were increased significantly(P<0.05). As compared with the medopar group, the number of activities, ChAT, TH, and p62 expression levels were significantly reduced in low dose piperine group and rapamycin group(P<0.05), but their first foot licking time was significantly extended, and APP, p-tau, IL-6, TNF-α, α-syn, beclin-1, LC3 B and mmu-miR-99 a-5 p expression levels were significantly increased(P<0.05). In addition, as compared with the normal group, the small intestinal epithelial cells of the model group and the rapamycin group were shed off a lot, with severe damages of intestinal mucosa as well as edema and shedding of the small intestine villi. After administration of the therapeutic interventions, the small intestinal epithelial cells of the 3 MA group, each dose group of piperine, and the medopa group were slightly damaged and the villi were slightly shed off. In summary, piperine has a protective effect on the small intestine of PDD model mice, showing reduced expression of mmu-miR-99 a-5 p, pro-inflammatory factors and autophagy factors, and the mechanism of slowing PDD pathological symptoms may be related to the inhibition of autophagy.

Influence of the extract of wen-pi-tang on memory function of mice and SOD and MDA in brain / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

Objective To explore the influence of the extract of wen-pi-tang on the memory and SOD and MDA of normal mice and cerebral ischemia reperfusion mice.Method The mice were divided into normal group,sham operation group,model group,aqueous extract and alcohol extract of wen-pi-tang (1.0 g/kg,0.5 g/kg,0.25g/kg).Model mice with cerebral ischemia reperfusion were made by blocking bilateral common carotid artery.The influence on memory behavior of normal mice and mice with cerebral ischemia reperfusion were tested by gavage for 10 days with extract of wen-pi-tang through step-down and step-through tests.Then SOD activity and content of the MDA were tested.Result In step-down test,compared with normal group,extract of wen-pi-tang with all doses made normal mice' latency longer,error frequency fewer,with high does clearest (P＜0.05)(latency:(187.17±99.00) s,(270.73±44.73) s,(260.45±63.78) s,error frequency(1.75± 1.71) times,(0.45±0.69) times,(0.75±0.97) times) ;in step-through test,compared with normal group,aqueous extract with high and middle doses and alcohol extract with longe doses could made latency of cerebral ischemia reperfusion mice longer and error frequency fewer (latency(157.15±84.91) s,(250.63±58.98) s,(251.12±78.22) s,(245±84.82) s,error frequency(2.15± 1.22) times,(0.75±0.89) times,(0.75± 1.16) times,(0.625 ±0.92) times) (P＜0.05) ; extract of wen-pi-tang with high and middle does increased SOD activity obviously compared with normal group(P＜0.05),and the content of MDA was obviously lower compared with normal group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion Extracts of wen-pi-tang can improve the memory function of normal mice,and the memory of cerebral ischemia reperfusion mice.The mechanism can be related to the increase of SOD activity and the decrease of the content of MDA.

Establishment of a hydrogel chip for high-throughput detection of Y chromosome microdeletions / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a high-sensitivity, high-specificity and low-cost hydrogel chip platform for the clinical screening of Y chromosome microdeletions.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Site-specific extended primers with a common sequence at the 5' end were used for hybridizing with the target. The Cy5-dUTP was incorporated into the products by primer extension, and the products were labeled with fluorescence. Then the extended products were added to the chip for hybridizing with acrylamide-modified common probes immobilized on the chip. After removal of the free Cy5-dUTP by electrophoresis, the signals were obtained by fluorescence scanning. And the detecting conditions of this method were optimized.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>SY254 of 9 samples was successfully detected with the hydrogel chip. The results showed that 3 were normal and the other 6 with microdeletions (1 female sample as a negative control), which coincided with the results of conventional multiplex PCR-electrophoresis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The hydrogel chip platform we established has provided a new technique for the detection of Y chromosome microdeletions, and is beneficial to the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility.</p>

Cyclooxygenase inhibitors in some dietary vegetables inhibit platelet aggregation function induced by arachidonic acid / 中国实验血液学杂志

The study was purposed to investigate whether the cyclooxygenase inhibitors from some dietary vegetables can inhibit platelet aggregation function by the arachidonic acid (AA). The vegetable juice was mixed with platelet rich plasma (PRP), and asprin was used as positive control. The maximum ratio of platelet aggregation induced by AA was measured on the aggregometer; heme and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX(1)) or cyclooxygenase-2 (COX(2)) were added to test tubes containing COX reaction buffer, the mixture was vortex-mixed and exposed to aspirin or vegetable juice, followed by addition of AA and then hydrochloric acid (1 mol/L) was added to stop the COX reaction, followed by chemical reduction with stannous chloride solution. The concentration of COX inhibitors was detected by the enzyme immunoassay kit; vegetable juice (aspirin as positive control) was mixed with whole blood, which was followed by the addition of AA, and then the reaction was stopped by adding indomethacin, centrifuged, then the supernatant was collected, and the plasma thromboxane B(2) (TXB(2)) was measured by radioimmunoassay. The results showed that spinach juice, garlic bolt juice, blanched garlic leave juice and Chinese leek juice could inhibit by 80% human platelet aggregation induced by AA. 4 kinds of vegetables were all found a certain amount of cyclooxygenase inhibitors, which COX(1) and COX(2) inhibitor concentrations of spinach were higher than that of aspirin; 4 vegetable juice could significantly reduce the human plasma concentrations of TXB(2) induced by AA (p < 0.05). It is concluded that 4 kinds of raw vegetables containing cyclooxygenase inhibitors inhibit the production of TXA(2) and thus hinder platelet aggregation. Raw spinach, garlic bolt, blanched garlic and chinese leek inhibit significantly AA-induced human platelet aggregation in vitro. 4 kinds of vegetables may have a good potential perspective of anti-platelet aggregation therapy or prevention of thrombosis.

Hemorrhagic fever caused by a novel tick-borne Bunyavirus in Huaiyangshan,China / 中华流行病学杂志

Background:From April to July in 2009 and 2010,unexplained severe hemorrhagic fever-like illnesses occurred in farmers from the Huaiyangshan mountains range.Methods:Clinical specimens (blood,urine,feces,and throat swabs) from suspected patients were obtained and stored.Mosquitoes and ticks in affected regions were collected.Virus was isolated from 2 patients and characterized by whole genome sequencing.Virus detection in additional patients and arthropods was done by virus-specific reverse transcription (RT) PCR.Clinical and epidemiological data of RT-PCR confirmed patients were analyzed.Results:An unknown virus was isolated from blood of two patients and from Haemaphysalis ticks collected from dogs.Whole genome sequence analysis identified the virus as a novel member of the family Bunyaviridae,most closely related to the viruses of the genus Phlebovirus within which it forms a separate lineage.Subsequently,infection was confirmed by RT-PCR in 33 of 58 suspected patients.The illness in these patients was characterized by fever,severe malaise,nausea,vomiting,and diarrhea.Prominent laboratory findings included low white cell- and platelet counts,coagulation disturbances,and elevation of liver enzymes.Hemorrhagic complications were observed in 3 cases,5 (15%) patients died.Conclusions:A novel tick-borne Bunyavirus causing life-threatening hemorrhagic fever in humans has emerged in the Huaiyangshan mountain areas of China.Further studies are needed to determine the epidemiology,geographic distribution and vertebrate animal ecology of this virus.

Effects of smoking and glonoine on intracellular Ca~(2+) in vascular smooth muscle cell in rabbits with atherosclerosis / 中国药理学通报

Aim To study the effects of smoking and glonoine on intracellular free Ca2+ concentration([Ca2+]i) in vascular smooth muscle cell in rabbits with atherosclerosis,and to explore the effects of smoking on atherosclerosis and biologic action of glonoine.Methods An atherosclerosis in rabbits was produced.The vascular smooth muscle cells were isolated.The cells were loaded by Fluo-3/AM.[Ca2+]i in vascular smooth muscle cell was measured by flow cytometer(FCM).The spatial distribution and the dynamic changes of [Ca2+]i in single vascular smooth muscle cells were determined by laser scanning confocal microscopy(LSCM).Results Atherosclerosis plaques in arteriae aorta were observed and the degrees were different in various groups.[Ca2+]i in vascular smooth muscle cells in rabbits with atherosclerosis markedly increased[(48.45?5.31) vs that in saline control(38.09?2.57),P

Effect of Ficus Carica Polysaccharide on Tumor-bearing Mice / 中成药

Objective: To observe effects of Ficus carica polysaccharide (FCPS) on tumor bearing mice. Methods: The model of S 180 bearing mice and EAC bearing mice were established, tumor cells were inoculated under the skin of right armpit or in abdominal cavity in mice after FCPS being administered orally for ten days, to calculate inhibitive rate of tumor and survial time of mice. Results: FCPS could significantly prevent the growth of tumor, there were no effects on survival time of mice.Conclusion: FCPS had a good antineoplastic effect. It is worth further study.

Protective effects of Danshenhonghua Injection on experimental cerebral ischemia in rats / 中成药

AIM: To study the protetive effects of Danshenhonghua Injection (Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae,Stigma Croci,etc) on acute cerebral ischemia in rats. METHODS : The model of acute incomplete cerebral ischemia was built by ligaturing bilateral carotid arteries. Cerebral index,cerebral water content ,capillary permeability of brain,and the change of cerebral morphology in rats were observed. RESULTS : The cerebral index,cerebral water content,capillary permeability of brain decreased remarkably with 7.2,14.4mg?kg -1 of Danshenhonghua Injection,and the injury of brain tissue was also abated by Danshenhonghua Injection significantly. CONCLUSION : Danshenhonghua Injection has the protetive effects on acute cerebral ischemia.